| Papers [121-130] of 3268 :: [Page 13 of 327] | | Go to page : <— 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 —> | |
|
|
Racial Bias in the U.S. Criminal Justice System, 2008.
An analysis of the existence of racial bias and its impact on the outcome of cases in the United States criminal justice system.
2,751 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 82.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses racial bias in the United States criminal justice system. It specifically questions whether the race of an individual suspected of a crime impacts his or her experience and the outcome in the criminal justice system. The paper discusses the history of related laws in the United States and discusses skin color ethics.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
In the U.S. Criminal Justice System...
Challenging Past and Contemporary Contentions
Research Purports
Confessions
Skin Color Ethics
Countering the Cycling Racial Bias Challenge
From the Paper
"Federal sentencing guidelines sternly constrain judges' discretion for determining whether an individual being charged will be sentenced to prison or receive probation. Guidelines are also currently in place to "guide" a judge in allocating the length of the sentence. Guidelines, albeit only contain minimal restrictions on the judges' and prosecutors' abilities to reduce sentences "for substantial assistance or acceptance of responsibility." Spohnhttp (2000:482)"
"Ultimately, Spohnhttp (2000:481 - 482) concludes that the reason for the unbalanced number of racial minorities currently incarcerated in the U.S. did not merely evolve from a racially neutral efforts to protect citizens and/or control crime. Earlier refutations of racial discrimination in the U.S. criminal justice system, according to Spohnhttp (2000:482) do not pass the test of time."
| |
|
Dorothy Irene Height, 2008.
An analysis of the achievements of Dorothy Irene Height in her fight for equality and rights for all people regardless of their race, creed or color.
2,672 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 80.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the life and achievements of Dorothy Irene Height, a woman who made significant strides in the area of black rights. The paper describes her long career that spanned over five decades, in which she was a leader in the fight for equality and rights for all people regardless of their race, creed or color. The paper describes Heights contributions today, as a woman in her nineties.
From the Paper
"Height has won numerous awards during her lifetime of community work. Recently, she won the Camille Cosby World of Children Award; NAFEO Distinguished Leadership Award; Stellar Award; the Spirit of Cincinnati Ambassador Award; National Caucus and Center on Black Aged Living Legacy Award; the Caring Institute's Caring Award; the Generous Heart Award from the Olender Foundation; and the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Freedom from Want Award. The NAACP awarded her the Spingarn Medal, and she was inducted into The National Women's Hall of Fame. In addition, 19 colleges and universities have given her honorary doctorates (African American Registry)."
| |
|
African-American Employment since World War II, 2008.
An analysis of the reasons for and the solutions to the underemployment problems among African Americans since World War II.
2,639 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 79.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper analyzes African-American employment and underemployment since World War II. It describes the effects of unequal access to labor markets, low paying jobs and dead end careers. It then discusses the lower standards of living that deprives individuals of opportunities and in general wreak havoc on the African-American community. The paper examines the causes of the problems and possible solutions.
From the Paper
"By imprisoning so many members of the community, the larger society is creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. Young African-American men and women see their lives shattered and, even if they themselves are never incarcerated, the lesson is ever-present that one "misstep" can lead to total destruction. Furthermore, implicit in this dialog between majority and minority is the idea that African-Americans are somehow not meant to achieve success. Whatever steps a talented African-American woman or man may take to improve her or his circumstances will always be challenged - the majority White society will forever be endeavoring to upset African-Americans' dreams of equality."
| |
|
Black Men during World War II, 2008.
Examines what it meant to be an adult black male in Alabama in World War II
3,340 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 95.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that existing as a black man in Alabama during World War II, or in fact existing as a black man anywhere in the United States, was to be a man viewed as having little intellectual capacity. The paper then goes on to describe the involvement of black men in the WWII military, noting that, while the black man appeared to make great progress during World War II, these same men were to understand quickly that in reality, nothing had changed. However, for these black men, returning home from the war, it no longer seemed right or natural to 'stay in their place' because they had gained a new and larger perspective of their place. The author concludes that, while the Civil Rights movement did not arise immediately from this WWII experience, it did influence the future.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Terms and Definitions
Introduction
World War II
The Tuskegee Airmen
The Alabama Experience
Jim Crow Laws
Returning from the War
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"As already stated it was believed that the black man did not have the intellectual capacity to do things the white man could do and specifically, during the Second World War, it was not believed that the black man could pilot a plane. The struggle of African Americans to gain entry to the Army Air Corps had been ongoing since the use of planes was introduced into warfare during the First World War. In April of 1939, Public Law 18 which called for an expansion of the Air Corps was passed with part of the law containing an authorization to create black training programs in colleges."
| |
|
Employment Law Case Study Title VII, 2008.
An overview of a study carried out at Case University to assess if a violation of Title VII occurred.
1,531 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 50.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to assess whether a violation of employment law under Title VII has occurred using a study conducted at Case University, where 90 percent of the students are African American. The researcher argues that in both cases violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act occurred. Specifically, evidence of disparate impact and favoritism and nepotism are demonstrated in the two cases. Court decisions including those of the Supreme Court are noted supporting this argument.
Outline:
Background and Analysis
Case 1
Case 2
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Case University, which opened in 1870, claims its early mission included providing newly freed slaves the opportunity to receive a proper education. The University's purpose also includes training African Americans in various professions to promote career advancement. The researcher asserts that the university violated Title VII when it failed to hire candidate Smith as the professor of biology. While there are circumstances when an entity can exclude a candidate for a job, they must be based on sound logic and backed by standards established by the law. For example, when hiring an attendant for a restroom to sit in the restroom and provide customers with hand towels, acceptable practice does allow the business entity to hire women only to manage the female restrooms and males only for oversight of male restrooms."
| |
|
Ernest Gaines' "A Lesson before Dying", 2008.
A summary and analysis of Ernest J. Gaines' novel, "A Lesson before Dying".
1,022 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper summarizes and analyzes Ernest J. Gaines' novel about a black man unjustly sentenced to death because the legal system of the Jim Crow South is so prejudiced the white jurors selected to judge him cannot see the truth. The paper relates that the story begins in a world where there has been a profound breakdown of all communication systems but by the end of the novel the two main protagonists are able to communicate by finding common ground and points of connection and, as a result, have changed within. The paper concludes that, although society has not changed by the end of the novel and the transformation experienced by the main characters is not enough to heal the world, the message of the story is still positive and inspiring enough for the reader to keep in his or her mind, long after closing the book.
From the Paper
"Even though Grant does not consider himself a believer, culturally the two men also share a common childhood education in religion, which they have begun to doubt or reject. Jefferson has to ask Grant if Christmas marks the birth of Jesus, during one of their first conversations. At the beginning of the novel, Grant rejects Christianity as a white invention. But by the end of the novel, he asks his students to pray on the day when Jefferson is scheduled to die. The unjust death of Jesus becomes a metaphor for both men, of the wrongful death of Jefferson and the suffering of all black men and women. Grant becomes impressed by the strong faith of the religious people of the nation, such as the Reverend Ambrose. He gradually becomes impressed by how the black men and women of his community are able to keep their faith, even when they live in a world of injustice. Christmas is a palpable presence in the novel, as Grant feels loneliest during Christmas. Jefferson dies around Easter-time. The Christian calendar underlines the similarities between the two men, and their common, eventually shared faith. Over the course of the novel, the men discover as they have more and more in common, even in small aspects of their lives and childhood. The two men used to listen to the same radio program as children, and Grant gives Jefferson a radio to connect him to positive memories, and to a sense of his culture outside of the prison. He brings gifts from his students, and also a pencil and paper, to give Jefferson the dignity of being able to express his innermost feelings. Jefferson feels like a beast, but self-expression brings back his sense of humanity. Words and writing have always been very important to Grant, and the come to be equally important to Jefferson."
| |
|
American Ethnic Literature, 2008.
Looks at what is meant by the genre of American ethnic literature.
1,295 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 43.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that ethnic authors use their personal experiences to illustrate the troubles and discrimination they have faced in an attempt to gain the understanding of readers and to perhaps change some long-held ideals and falsehoods. The paper then points out that American ethnic literature is a strong and vital part of American literature. The paper uses the writings of prize-wining African-American women to exemplify American ethnic literature: Poet Gwendolyn Brooks (Pulitzer Prize for Poetry), Alice Walker (Pulitzer Prize) and Toni Morrison (Nobel Prize and Pulitzer Prize).
From the Paper
"Another perspective all ethnic literatures seem to share are their views of traditional American values, such as equality and freedom, and that is not surprising. Ethnic writers, like anyone else, desire those values, but it is difficult to support them traditionally when they are not applied to your race or circumstances, and much of their writing reflects that. Alice Walker's "Everyday Use" is an excellent example of these values, and how they are missing in many ethnic lives. She writes, "I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down.""
| |
|
Racial Discrimination, 2008.
A review of the subject of racial discrimination.
1,690 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 54.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper states that, under Title VII laws in the US, it is illegal to discriminate against individuals based on color or race. The paper then explains that discrimination often falls under two categories, including disparate treatment or "disparate acts" and then goes on to discuss the difference between these two categories. Next, the paper discusses a case involving disparate treatment and explains why the employer in the case should be held liable for discrimination. The paper cites several case studies supporting this conclusion.
From the Paper
"The more easily defined of the two is "disparate treatment" (Greenberg, 2002) because it involves outright discrimination against the employee, such as not hiring someone because they are of a particular race. "Disparate impact" is less easily distinguished, but typically involves a policy whether written or unwritten in a company whereby someone may be excluded from certain positions or availabilities, even though the policy may not have been intentionally designed to accomplish this (Greenberg, 2002; Harris, Henderson & William, 2005). The case described for this paper involves the question of "disparate treatment", with Doe arguing the company manager Bigot treated him harshly and in a discriminatory manner. When he reported his discomfort to the appropriate entities within the corporation, they did not respond to his complaints, but rather suggested it was just "the way" Bigot acted with new employees. Even if this were true, it is likely a court would rule in favor of Doe, the employee, because the statements made by his manager were related to his race or orientation, and because they affected Doe in a negative manner. The company should be held liable because no one took action to correct or investigation the employee's complaint."
| |
|
Martin Luther King, 2008.
An essay on the life of Martin Luther King.
884 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses the life of Martin Luther King and his contribution to society. The paper concludes that, as a result of King's efforts, the Civil Rights Movement plunged forward, and accomplished much in the way of rights, rights for minorities, for the poor, and for victims of war.
From the Paper
"King himself was a humble man, once quoted as saying, "I am fundamentally a clergyman, a Baptist Preacher," and preach is what he did most of his life (Lischer, 1997, 1). King is often recognized by his "I have a dream" speech, given during the Civil Rights Movement, a speech that called to action all those that would sit idly by and allow racial discrimination to permeate even modern society. Many people admire King for his courageous endeavors and faith. Lischer (1997) admires the works of King, referring to him in some ways as a divine preacher, stating King "occupies a place in the hierarchy of the divine cosmos as the one who is authorized to proclaim God's lordship over other powers" (p. 17). Such words are not to be taken lightly"
| |
|
Affirmative Action, 2008.
Reviews the history of affirmative action legislation in the U.S.
1,115 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 38.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that, in 1961, President John F. Kennedy created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, the precursor of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The paper also explains that the intent of the Civil Rights Act, signed in 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson, was to help partially redress the wrongs inflicted upon black Americans by slavery. The paper relates that the resistance by many states to their obligations under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 led to many now famous Supreme Court decisions such as "Brown v. Board of Education". The paper concludes that, today, automatic race-based hiring and educational institution admissions are undermining some of its very worthwhile and justified intentions.
From the Paper
"The administration of President Richard Nixon was forced to balance the competing interests of ensuring Affirmative Action compliance with the concept of fundamental fairness guaranteed by the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution, pursuant to which white students and white employment applicants had claimed "reverse" racial discrimination in connection with their rejection. After years of failed attempts to integrate certain industries, particularly those controlled by powerful unions, President Nixon issued plans like the 1969 "Philadelphia Order" to break unlawful resistance to Equal Employment Opportunity goals in the construction industry."
|
|
|