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Los Angeles Riots Cause and Effect, 2008.
An analysis of the cause and effects of the Los Angeles Riots.
999 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper elucidates the reasons for the Los Angeles riots and discusses the causes and underlying principles. The acquittal of the three police officers of the beating of Rodney King is stated as being one of the main triggers of these riots but, as the paper discusses at length, there were also many other social and political causes. The paper recognizes that there remains a deeply-rooted resentment felt by African Americans because of socio-political and economic inequity.
From the Paper
"Comparing the 1965 Watts Riots and the 1992 Rodney King Riots, there are several coincidental (?) parallels. Both instance involved white Anglo police officers; there was an African-American motorist as the victim, and there was a beating that occurred on an African-American. Rodney King and Marquette Frye, instead on being suspects in a traffic violation, became "martyrs" in the eyes of the African-American community. Especially with the Rodney King affair, he became the symbol of political, social and economic oppressions faced by African-Americans not only in the Los Angeles area but the United States too. To make matters worse, the 1992 riots were "purposefully defined this civil disorder as a rebellion, as opposed to a riot, because of the gaping disparity in economic opportunity and in treatment by the criminal justice system of poor residents in South-Central Los Angeles, the site of the conflagration (Watts, 2003). Feeling always the underdog with repressive laws, neighborhood segregation, disparity in income and outright disgust for the color of their skin by the Anglos, African-Americans went on a rampage to vent all the pent-up anger within. "In other situations, the anger and frustration was expressed by pulling white motorists from cars and trucks and brutally beating and kicking them. In one such case, Reginald Oliver Denny, was pulled from his truck as he stopped to prevent hitting looters who filled the street."
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Improving Student Attendance, 2008.
A discussion on the poor attendance at West Side Junior High School in East Chicago and recommendations for improvement.
909 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the problem of poor school attendance at West Side Junior High School in East Chicago. The paper highlights the reasons for the poor attendance and offers possible solutions to theproblem. The paper recommends that the problems can only be improved with the co-operation and participation of the entire school community.
From the Paper
"All of these strategies are positive reinforcement strategies, rather than negative reinforcement strategies like suspending students ("Attendance Incentives," 2007, NY State Education Department). It is important that students retain a positive attitude to school and to the potential of adults to help them during this crucial development period. In a recent study of high-performing schools that were once low-performing schools, one of the most common features was that students helped develop the school's vision and norms, and assumed responsibility for translating the school's purpose to the community. The students also planned school celebrations and community events when attendance as a school improved ."
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Broken Windows Do Not Make or Break Law Enforcement Efforts, 2008.
An examination of the 'broken windows' theory of the causes of crime.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the 'broken windows' theory of the causes of crime. The paper explains that 'broken windows' criminology theory maintains that a lack of respect for the physical environment and the law leads to even more socially disruptive criminal activity. The paper points out that the 'broken windows' theory was one of the most highly publicized components of the law-and-order New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani's attempt to wage war on crime during the 1990s. The paper then looks at how the theory attempts to attribute the causes of neighborhood decay to ignoring the "little problems" like graffiti, litter, shattered glass, which "creates a sense of irreversible decline" that leads law-abiding residents to abandon their residences and non-criminal prospective residents to stay away from apparently decaying communities.
From the Paper
"However, the presence of committed activists and the joint efforts between the communities and law enforcement may have been one of the causes of the decline in crime, not the more rigorous policing of minor offenses in and of itself. The drop in crime in New York City has a complex array of causes, economic and demographic, as well as sociological and political, and the 'broken windows' enforcement policies may not be the cause of the drop."
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Veteran Teacher Impact On Competency Test Scores, 2008.
A research study that analyze the impact that veteran teachers have on the test scores in reading and mathematics of African-American students in Georgia.
9,082 words (approx. 36.3 pages), 34 sources, APA, $ 188.95
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Abstract
This research paper attempts to determine whether veteran teachers have a statistical significance on the test scores in reading and mathematics of African-American students. The research focuses on eighth grade students in the State of Georgia. It discusses the relationship between teacher retention in the state and the test results that eighth grade African-American students achieve. The paper contains many graphs and figures.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Methodology
Key Terms
Research Questions
Literature Review
Results of the Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The methodology employed in this research is one of a qualitative nature and has been conducted through the means of a review of peer-reviewed academic literature written by experts in this subject area. Qualitative research originally involved isolation of variables studied from the rest of the world and then setting up of an experiment where the independent variable was changed and the changes that occurred to the dependent variable or variables were recorded. However, anthropologists pointed out human behavior cannot be realistically studied outside of the social context in which it takes place. Furthermore, the findings in scientific research depends greatly upon the individual's frame of reference, therefore if it is people that are being studied the meaning from the individual's point of view must be discovered. Qualitative research is typically analyzed inductively, or in other words, evidence is not sought out to prove or disprove hypotheses, but instead the researcher builds the abstractions upon the particulars of research that have been gathered and then grouped together."
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Comparing Gullah and Kamtok, 2008.
A comparative study of the orthographic structure, tenses and syntax between Gullah and Kamtok.
1,133 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study of the orthographic structure, tenses and syntax between Gullah and Kamtok. The paper also reviews phonology. The paper then explores the structures of Gullah and Kamtok sentences with a strong emphasis on the verb tenses to facilitate both languages. The paper examines how the tenses and sentences are organized in a way that facilitates output in both languages. The paper then presents the results of the study that reveal how written forms of these languages relate not only to their pronunciation, but to other levels of linguistic knowledge. The researcher provides a meta-analysis of data collected from linguistic studies of the English languages, including reviews of the Gullah, Kamtok, influence of Cameroon, Pidgin, Creole and many other derivative languages, all of which have their foundation in British English, Creole, or African phonology and orthography. The researcher predicts the results of this study will help explain the commonality of communication, and assert whether a universal standard of syntax, tense, pronunciation and meaning may be derived from the research gathered.
Outline:
Introduction
- Background to Study
- Research Questions
Preliminary Review of the Literature
- Limitations of Study
Study Summary
From the Paper
"The English language derived from Europe and moved to many regions including to Africa. Here, English mixed with many local languages, giving birth to what we now know as Kamtok. The African languages as they were, also migrated to an English speaking country, mixed with English giving birth to Gullah. Noting this, it is important to point out these migrations had differing destinations, with English moving from Europe to Africa to create Kamtok, and from Africa to the U.S. to produce Gullah."
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Dred Scott, 2008.
A descriptive essay on the life of Dred Scott and the influence he had on society.
1,885 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Dred Scott, one of the most significant figures of African- American history. The paper relates that Scott's first trial began in 1847, after which he continued to fight for his freedom and continued until nine months before his death. The paper states that this is significant not only in terms of African-American history, but also in terms of its influence on the country as a whole and continues to be influential in the country even today.
From the Paper
"In terms of the war being fought in Iraq, the country is similarly deprived of its critical thinking skills. Grave injustices in the war-torn country are ignored or accepted as necessary sacrifices in the name of "preserving" the American way of life. Historical events such as the Dred Scott case should serve as historical lessons in critical thinking and in preventing history from repeating itself. However, Americans appear to be unable to learn from history or to prevent their emotions from overriding their reason. This lack of critical thinking is what keeps arrogant and unconstitutional leaders such as Judge Taney and current leaders such as John Ashcroft in position to infest the United States with unconstitutional rulings."
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Angela Davis's Political Views, 2008.
A description of the political role played by Angela Davis and the impact that she had on society.
1,621 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper is an overview of the history of Angela Davis, her biographical details, the type of childhood she experienced that may have contributed to her political views in adulthood, her role in organizations such as the Community and Black Panther parties, the Civil Rights movement, and her fateful encounter with the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The paper concludes with an assessment of Davis' accomplishments, how her role is viewed by the public and an analysis of its relevance for African-American society.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This legacy, though, discounts Davis's wide range of contributions to the Civil Rights movement and her subsequent work to further the condition of black people throughout the country. For example, carefully citing the historical basis of how blacks were treated in the United States, Davis railed against the "terroristic use of rape in order to put black women in their place" and the need for African Americans to celebrate and embrace black culture as a means of sustaining their sense of community is a hostile land. According to Hart (1994), Davis's activism was scholarly in its approach and even her detractors found themselves at a loss when confronted with the facts. For example, this author reports that, "In 1981 Angela Davis looked at how the larger birth control movement, comprised mainly of white, middle class women, neglected to address the needs of African-American women. Davis also condemned the racist and 'classist' slant of the American birth control movement for its stress on eugenics"
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Jazz and the African Diaspora, 2008.
This paper discusses the success of African-American jazz musicians in Europe.
2,164 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the racial tensions and riots that led to the African Diaspora, when black performers, mostly jazz musicians, left the United States and went to Europe. The paper discusses how these African-American performers found the freedom in Europe to compose and perform their jazz music. The paper focuses on Josephine Baker, a black woman who was able to find acceptance, fame and fortune in Paris and throughout the world.
From the Paper
"In the summer and fall of 1919, race riots erupted in Northern and Southern cities across America. Called the Red Summer of 1919, three violent episodes happened in Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Elaine, Arkansas. The resulting tension throughout the United States made it impossible for African-Americans and Whites to live together in peace. Musicians in bands suddenly found themselves estranged from their close friends, members of bands argued and refused to talk to each other. Bands split up and African-American groups were barred from performing in venues throughout the United States. This led to the African Diaspora, when black performers, mostly jazz musicians, left the United States and went to Europe, where segregation and prejudice were not prevalent, and surprisingly, found the freedom and success they had lacked in the United States, to compose and perform their jazz music."
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The "Secret Six", 2008.
A review of Otto J. Scott's "The Secret Six: John Brown and the Abolitionist Movement", one of the most comprehensive looks at America preceding the Civil War.
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Otto J. Scott's "The Secret Six: John Brown and the Abolitionist Movement" where Scott explores the origin, meaning and consequence of modern terrorism through a discussion of the radicalism of the early abolitionist movement. The paper asserts that Scott's personal agenda is evident throughout the book, and he therefore can not be established as a credible author. The paper concludes, however, that in general he would recommend this book for its entertaining and disturbing analysis into the minds of John Brown and his six co-conspirators.
From the Paper
"Scott is concerned in this book with the radicalism of the early abolitionist movement; he explores the origin, meaning and consequence of modern terrorism. The book follows the story of the "Secret Six" the six wealth individuals who funded and encouraged Brown in his murders and plans for revolution. These six individuals were all well respected members of society, Thomas Higginson, Samuel Howe, Theodore Parker, Gerrit Smith, Franklin Sanborn and George Luther Stearns. These individuals not only encouraged Brown to commit his acts but actively collected money to fun him. They were able to raise over a period of three years, enough money for Brown to assemble a strong artillery staple needed for his revolution."
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Transracial Adoption, 2008.
This paper explores whether a transracial adoption might be harmful to a child.
4,816 words (approx. 19.3 pages), 42 sources, APA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the major concern raised by those opposing transracial adoptions, that children will not be able to form a proper identity in a conflicted racial situation. The paper examines the process of adoption and compares numerous studies of adoptees and their identities. The paper attributes the inconclusive results to problems with methodology, assumptions made by researchers that may color their research and a problem of definitions, for to say that adoptees may have an identity problem might mean that they do not have the identity that critics want them to have, rather than having a real problem themselves.
Outline:
Introduction
Adoption and the Process of Adoption
Inter-Racial Adoption
From the Paper
"The adoption market matches potential parents and children as best it can, and the process can become more complicated when the requirements are more extensive. Agencies try to match the child with the parent to the extent possible, assuming that this is what the parents want. Prospective parents often have specific requirements of their own, which is why it becomes increasingly difficult to place children as they grow older, given that most adopting parents want infants or very young children. This also becomes a factor that may limit the choice exercised by prospective adopting parents. For those dedicated to becoming parents, the pool of children can be extended if the parents are willing to adopt older children or children from other races, but this creates a different concern. In recent years, a number of black leaders and psychologists have objected that such adoptions may be harmful to the children, not necessarily directly but in that the children are not raised and acculturated in the traditions of their ethnic group and so may develop an identity crisis."
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